In research, what does a non-directional hypothesis suggest?

A non-directional hypothesis posits that there is a relationship between two variables, but it does not specify the nature or direction of that relationship. This means that the hypothesis suggests that the variables are related in some way, whether it be positive or negative, but does not claim that one variable increases or decreases the other in a specific, predictable manner.

This type of hypothesis is particularly useful in exploratory research where researchers may not have a strong theoretical basis for predicting how the variables interact, allowing for a broader investigation of potential relationships. Unlike a directional hypothesis, which indicates a specific form of relationship (such as one variable increasing while the other also increases), a non-directional hypothesis keeps the possibilities open.

Options that suggest a specific relationship or direction (like stating a certain relationship or implying that no relationship exists) do not align with the essence of a non-directional hypothesis. Similarly, labeling the relationship as exclusively qualitative would limit the scope of interpretation and does not capture the essence of a non-directional approach.