What is the difference between a theory and a hypothesis?

The distinction between a theory and a hypothesis is fundamental in research methodologies. A theory represents a comprehensive and systematic explanation of phenomena based on a body of evidence that has been tested and validated over time. It encompasses a wide range of observations and provides a framework for understanding complex relationships in the data. In contrast, a hypothesis is a specific, testable statement predicting the relationship between variables. Hypotheses are often derived from existing theories, guiding research by allowing researchers to test specifics in a confined context.

This conceptual framework enables researchers to develop predictions (hypotheses) that can then be empirically tested, contributing data that may support or refute existing theories or lead to the development of new theories. Thus, the emphasis is on how a theory serves as a broad explanatory model, while a hypothesis serves as a focused instrument for testing specific elements within that model. This clarity in differentiation is essential for conducting sound research in social work and other disciplines.