Which of the following best describes an obscuring variable?

An obscuring variable is best described as a variable that interacts with both dependent and independent variables in a way that can cloud or distort the true relationship between them. This can lead to confusion about whether changes in the dependent variable are caused directly by the independent variable or by the obscuring variable instead. Obscuring variables can introduce bias and make it challenging to interpret the results of a study effectively.

The other options do not accurately embody the concept of an obscuring variable. For instance, a variable that has no impact on other variables in the study would not be considered obscuring, as it does not play a role in influencing relationships. Constantly monitored variables do not necessarily obscure relationships; they might be essential for tracking changes but do not inherently obstruct clarity. Lastly, a variable that depends solely on the independent variable does not account for any other influences, which is contrary to the nature of an obscuring variable that complicates the understanding of relationships among multiple factors.