Which step is NOT typically part of the quantitative research process?

The correct answer indicates that understanding human experiences is not typically part of the quantitative research process. Quantitative research primarily focuses on numerical data and statistical analysis to test hypotheses or examine relationships between variables.

In this type of research, the emphasis is on objective measurements and quantifiable factors rather than the subjective interpretation of individual experiences. Understanding human experiences is more aligned with qualitative research methods, which seek to explore the meanings and contexts of social phenomena and gather in-depth insights into human behavior.

The other steps mentioned—literature review, data collection, and problem identification—are integral components of quantitative research. A literature review helps to identify gaps in existing research and theoretical frameworks relevant to the study. Data collection involves gathering numerical data through surveys, experiments, or other measurement techniques aimed at answering the research question. Problem identification defines the specific issue that the research aims to address, guiding the entire research process.