Which term is often used in qualitative research instead of "subjects"?

In qualitative research, the term "participants" is commonly used instead of "subjects" to emphasize the active role individuals play in the research process. Qualitative research aims to gather in-depth understanding and insights from people, and referring to them as participants highlights their involvement and contribution to the study. This approach contrasts with quantitative research, which often uses "subjects" to denote individuals as entities being measured or observed without the same emphasis on their agency.

Additionally, terms like "respondents" may be used, particularly in survey or interview contexts, but they often imply a more passive role, focused on answering questions rather than engaging collaboratively in the research process. Using "participants" respects the active involvement of individuals and reflects an ethical approach to research, where their perspectives and experiences are valued.